Engineering After-School Program with Elementary Preservice Teachers and K-8 Students
doi.org/10.46767/kfp.2016-0032
Dr. Jennifer Cribbs, Oklahoma State University, Dr. Jeanine Huss, and Dr. Julia Mittelberg, Western Kentucky University
Abstract
This study explores the influence of an after-school program involving high needs elementary-aged students at community-based sites and elementary preservice teachers (EPSTs) enrolled in a final sequence of methods courses at a local university. Data collection involved surveys, interviews, and reflections with EPSTs and interviews with elementary-aged children. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between EPTSs’ science perceptions and science teaching self efficacy. A series of Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests indicate significant growth from pre to post in participating EPSTs’ self-efficacy with the NGSS and the Engineering Standards within the NGSS. Interviews and reflections provided evidence that EPSTs benefited from the program by teaching in an unfamiliar setting that changed their beliefs and helped strengthen their teaching skills. Interview results for elementary-aged children revealed a hands-on, although somewhat limited, perspective of science, technology, and engineering. Perceptions of mathematics were primarily focused on computation.
Keywords
STEM, Elementary Preservice Teachers, Elementary-aged Children (K-8), After School Program
Full Text
Engineering After-School Program with Elementary Preservice Teachers and K-8 Students
References
Achieve, Inc. (2013). Next generation science standards. Washington, DC: Achieve, Inc.
Aguirre, J., & Speer, N. M. (1999). Examining the relationship between beliefs and goals in teacher practice. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 18(3), 327-356. doi:10.1016/S0732-3123(99)00034-6
Alderman, M. K. & MacDonald, S. (2015). A self-regulatory approach to classroom management: Empowering students and teachers. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 51(2), 52-56. doi:10.1080/00228958.2015.1023145
Avery, L. M., & Meyer, D. Z. (2012). Teaching science as science is practiced: Opportunities and limits for enhancing preservice elementary teachers’ self‐efficacy for science and science teaching. School Science and Mathematics, 112(7), 395-409. doi:10.1111/j.1949-8594.2012.00159.x
Benenson, G., Neujahr, J. L., Seignoret, H. & Goldman, E. (1997). Encouraging engineering students to become teachers. Proceedings, 1997 ASEE Annual Conference. American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, D.C.
Bers, M. U., Flannery, L., Kazakoff, E. R., & Sullivan, A. (2014). Computational thinking and tinkering: Exploration of an early childhood robotics curriculum. Computers & Education, 72, 145-157. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.10.020
Bodur, Y. (2012, January). Impact of course and fieldwork on multicultural beliefs and attitudes. The Educational Forum, 76(1), 41-56. doi:10.1080/00131725.2011.627981
Bybee, R. W., & Fuchs, B. (2006). Preparing the 21st century workforce: A new reform in science and technology education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43(4), 349-352. doi:10.1002/tea.20147
Capobianco, B.M., Diefes-Dux, H.A., Mena, I. & Weller, J. (2011). What is an engineer? Implications of elementary school student conceptions of engineering education. Journal of Engineering Education, 100 (2), 304-328. doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2011.tb00015.x
Ching, Y. H., Yang, D., Wang, S., Baek, Y., Swanson, S., & Chittoori, B. (2019). Elementary school student development of STEM attitudes and perceived learning in a STEM integrated robotics curriculum. TechTrends, 63(5), 590-601.
Coffey, H. (2010). “They taught me”: The benefits of early community-based field experiences in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(2), 335-342. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2009.09.014
Committee on Integrated STEM Education, National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council. (2014). STEM integration in K-12 education: Status, prospects, and an agenda for research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Correa, T. (2013). Bottom-up technology transmission within families: Exploring how youths influence their parents’ digital media use with dyadic data. Journal of Communication, 64(1), 103-124. doi:10.1111/jcom.12067
Darling-Hammond, L. (2006). Constructing 21st-century teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 57(3), 300-314. doi:10.1177/002248710585962
Darling-Hammond, L. (2012). Powerful teacher education: Lessons from exemplary programs. John Wiley & Sons.
Darling-Hammond, L., Hammerness, K., Grossman, P., Rust, F., & Shulman, L. (2005). The design of teacher education programs. In L. Darling-Hammond & J. Bransford (Eds.), Preparing teachers for a changing world: What teachers should learn and be able to do, (pp. 390-441). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
Dixon, R. A. (2012). Transfer of learning: Connecting concepts during problem solving. Journal of Technology Education, 24(1), 2-17.
Elkin, M., Sullivan, A., & Bers, M. U. (2014). Implementing a robotics curriculum in an early childhood Montessori classroom. Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice, 13, 153-169.
Erwin, B. (1998). K-12 education and systems engineering: A new perspective. Proceedings, 1998 ASEE Annual Conference, American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, D.C.
Flores, I. M. (2015). Developing preservice teachers’ self-efficacy through field-based science teaching practice with elementary students. Research in Higher Education, 27, 1-19.
Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2006). Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. Cambridge University Press.
Goodlad, J. (1990). Teachers for our nation’s schools. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Gorman, C.V. & Larson, G. L. (2012). Teacher power in the classroom: Can you recognize it? Kappa Delta Pi Record, 19(3), 86-88. doi.org/10.1080/00228958.1983.10517730
Grootenboer, P. (2003). The affective views of primary school children. International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 3, 1-8.
Hollins, E. (2011). Teacher preparation for quality teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(4), 395-407, doi:10.1177/0022487111409415
Hudson, P., English, L. D., & Dawes, L. (2009). Analysing preservice teachers’ potential for implementing engineering education in the middle school. Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 15 (3), 165–174. doi:10.1080/22054952.2009.11464035
Humes, K., Jones, N., & Ramirez, R. (2011). Overview of race and Hispanic origin: 2010. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf
Jeffers, A. T., Safferman, A. G., & Safferman, S. I. (2004). Understanding K-12 engineering outreach programs. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 130 (2), 95-108. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2004)130:2(95).
Karp, T., & Maloney, P. (2013). Exciting young students in grades K-8 about STEM through an afterschool robotics challenge. American Journal of Engineering Education, 4(1), 39-54. doi:10.19030/ajee.v4i1.7857
Katehi, L., Pearson, G., & Feder, M. A. (2009). Engineering in K-12 education: Understanding the status and improving the prospects. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Korthagen, F., Loughran, J., & Russell, T. (2006). Developing fundamental principles for teacher education programs and practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(8), 1020-1041. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.022
Lazar, A. (1998). Helping preservice teachers inquire about caregivers: A critical experience for field-based courses. Action in Teacher Education, 19(4), 14-28. doi:10.1080/01626620.1998.10462888
Lock, R. M., Hazari, Z., & Potvin, G. (2019). Impact of out-of-class science and engineering activities on physics identity and career intentions. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 15(2), 020137.
Ma, Y., Williams, D., & Lai, G. (2016, March). How does a First LEGO League Robotics Program provide opportunities for teaching children 21st Century Skills?. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1507-1509). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Norton, S. J.
Nadelson, L. S. (2015). Who is doing the engineering, the student or the teacher? The development and use of a rubric to categorize level of design for the elementary classroom. Journal of Technology Education, 26(2), 22-44.
National Science Foundation & National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (2017). Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2017. Special Report NSF 17-310. Arlington, VA. Available at www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.
Norton, S. J., McRobbie, C. J., & Ginns, I. S. (2007). Problem solving in a middle school robotics design classroom. Research in Science Education, 37(3), 261-277.
Robinson, A., Adelson, J. L., Kidd, K. A., Cunningham, C. M. (2018). A talent for tinkering: Developing talents in children from low-income households through engineering curriculum. Gifted Child Quarterly, 62(1), 130-144. doi:10.1177/0016986217738049
Sheridan, L. (2016). Examining changes in pre-service teachers’ beliefs of pedagogy. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41 (3), 1-20. doi:14221/ajte.2016v41n3.1
Sleeter, C. (2008). Equity, democracy, and neoliberal assaults on teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(8), 1947-1957. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2008.04.003
Thompson, A. G. (1992). Teachers’ beliefs and conceptions: A synthesis of the research. Macmillan Publishing Co, Inc.
Thomson, M. M., DiFrancesca, D., Carrier, S., Lee, C., & Walkowiak, T. A. (2018). Changes in teaching efficacy beliefs among elementary preservice teachers from a STEM-focused program: Case study analysis. Journal of Interdisciplinary Teacher Leadership Vol, 2(1) 29-43.
Tyler-Wood, T., Knezek, G., Christensen, R. (2010). Instruments for assessing interest in STEM content and careers. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 18(2), 341-363.
Weber, K. (2012). Gender differences in interest, perceived personal capacity, and participation in STEM-related activities. Journal of Technology Education, 24(1), 18-33.
Wiggins, R. A., Follo, E. J., & Eberly, M. B. (2007). The impact of a field immersion program on pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward teaching in culturally diverse classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(5), 653-663. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2007.02.007