Students will learn the concept of automation, understand how simple machines can be used for automation, and design and build a simple automated device using basic materials.
In today’s rapidly advancing world, automation plays a pivotal role in revolutionizing industries, enhancing efficiency, and shaping the future of work. This lesson aims to introduce students to the fundamental concepts of automation and simple machines, empowering them to explore how basic mechanical devices can be utilized to automate tasks and solve real-world problems.
Grade Level: 6-8
Content: STEM, Science
About the Author
DaChelle Gupton is a 2023-24 Kenan Fellow. She is currently a STEM Coordinator in Pitt County Schools. She has been in education for almost eight years and before becoming a STEM Coordinator, she taught middle school science.
About the Fellowship
The N.C. Department of Public Instruction supported Gupton’s fellowship. She completed her industry immersion at Hitachi Astemo in Tarboro, North Carolina. During her fellowship, she learned about the car parts it manufactured for its only customer at the time, which was Honda. She learned the ins and outs of Hitachi Astemo from different leaders within the company and she got to get a firsthand look at how automation works within the company.
- Essential Questions
- Time Needed
- Standards
- Making Connections
- Materials
- The Activity
- Wrap Up and Action
- Extensions
- Resources
- Download
Essential Questions
How do simple machines, such as levers, pulleys, and inclined planes, contribute to the automation of tasks in everyday life?
What are the benefits and limitations of using simple machines to automate tasks, and how do engineers apply these principles in designing efficient systems?
Time Needed
Learning Activities (20 minutes)
Hands-on Activity (40 minutes)
Standards
7.P.2.4 Explain how simple machines such as inclined planes, pulleys, levers and wheel and axles are used to create mechanical advantage and increase efficiency
This lesson can be altered to support multiple grade-levels
Making Connections
Prior to delving into the lesson on automating tasks with simple machines, it is beneficial for students to have a foundational understanding of basic physics concepts such as force, motion, and energy. They should also be familiar with the fundamental principles of engineering design, including problem-solving strategies and the iterative process of prototyping and testing. Additionally, having prior knowledge of the six types of simple machines—levers, pulleys, wheels and axles, inclined planes, wedges, and screws—will provide students with a solid framework for comprehending how these devices can be utilized in automated systems.
Furthermore, an awareness of the significance of automation in modern society, including its impact on efficiency, productivity, and job sectors, can help students contextualize the relevance and importance of the lesson. By connecting prior knowledge to the upcoming lesson, students will be better equipped to engage with the material and apply their understanding to the hands-on activities and discussions ahead.
Materials
- Cardboard or foam board
- Popsicle sticks, straws, or other craft sticks
- Rubber bands
- Tape
- Markers
- Small objects like marbles or paper clips (optional)
The Activity
Part 1: Warm-up
- Show students a video or pictures of examples of automation in everyday life, such as automatic dishwashers, traffic lights, or self-driving cars. Ask them what they notice about these systems and how they function.
Part 2: Discussion on Simple Machines and Brainstorming
- Introduce the concept of automation as the use of machines and systems to perform tasks without human intervention. Discuss the benefits of automation, such as increased efficiency, accuracy, and safety.
- Explain how simple machines such as levers, pulleys, ramps, and wheels can be used in automated systems to change forces and directions. Use demonstrations or diagrams to illustrate how these machines work.
- Divide students into pairs or small groups. Ask them to think of a daily task or chore that automation could make easier. Brainstorm ideas for devices that could use simple machines to automate that task.
Part 3: Hands-on Activity Instructions
- Give each group the materials and instruct them to design and build a simple automated device based on their chosen task. Encourage them to use the principles of simple machines in their designs.
- Students can sketch their design first, and then build their device.
- Allow time for testing and troubleshooting. Provide assistance and guidance as needed.
- Have students present their inventions to the class, explaining their chosen task, the simple machines used, and how their device works.
Wrap Up and Action
- Observe students’ participation in discussions and activities.
- Evaluate the functionality and creativity of their automated devices.
- Ask students to reflect on the challenges and benefits of automation in their final presentations.
Extensions
- Have students research the history of automation and its impact on society.
- Discuss the ethical considerations of automation, such as job displacement and safety concerns.
- Explore the future of automation and its potential impact on different aspects of life.
Resources
PBS Learning Media – Simple Machines
Generation Genius – Simple Machines
Khan Academy – Simple Machines
Ted Talk – The Power of Automation and How to Control it
Harvard Business Review Articles on Automation
Download
Download the lesson for student pages and other materials.